DETEKSI DINI GANGGUAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK DI TAMAN PENITIPAN BAYI DAN BALITA “PUSTEBLUME DAYCARE” YOGYAKARTA

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang. Penelitian-penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan prevalensi gangguan perkembangan pada anak usia 0-5 tahun masih tinggi. Gangguan ini akan semakin kompleks jika tidak terdeteksi secara dini dan mendapatkan penanganan yang tepat. Oleh karena itu, program ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi secara dini gangguan perkembangan pada siswa Pusteblume Daycare Yogyakarta. Target dan luaran program ini adalah: diketahuinya capaian perkembangan setiap siswa, terdeteksinya gangguan perkembangan siswa dan rujukan ke ahlinya secara dini, guru pengasuh/ pendamping dan orang tua memahami capaian perkembangan anak dan dapat memberikan stimulasi yang sesuai. Metode. Program ini dilaksanakan terhadap 32 siswa Pusteblume Daycare Yogyakarta pada bulan November 2019. Untuk mendeteksi gangguan perkembangan anak digunakan Denver Development Screening Test (DDST) II versi Bahasa Indonesia. Sesudah deteksi, dilakukan sesi konsultasi dan edukasi kepada guru pendamping masing-masing siswa. Hasil. Persentase siswa dengan suspect keterlambatan perkembangan ringan: motorik kasar (6,25%), bahasa (9,37%), motorik halus (12,50%), dan personal-sosial (3,12%). Terdapat 1 siswa yang dirujuk ke terapis wicara terkait keterlambatan perkembangan bahasa. Guru dan orang tua telah diedukasi tentang bagaimana menstimulasi siswa berdasarkan capaian perkembangannya. Simpulan. Mayoritas siswa Pusteblume Daycare Yogyakarta memiliki capaian perkembangan yang normal.

Kata kunci: deteksi dini, perkembangan anak, DDST II

ABSTRACT

Background. Previous studies showed the prevalence of developmental disorders in children aged 0-5 years is still high. This disorder will be more complex if it is not early detected and got the appropriate intervention. Therefore, this program aimed to detect early developmental disorders of Pusteblume Daycare Yogyakarta students. The target and output of this program were: students' developmental achievements were known, students' developmental disorders were early detected and referred to the expert, teachers and parents understood their child's development and providing appropriate stimulation. Methods. This program was carried out on 32 students of Pusteblume Daycare Yogyakarta in November 2019. The Denver Development Screening Test (DDST) II-Indonesian version was used to detect the developmental disorder. After the detection, consultation and the educational session were carried out for the teachers accompanying each student. Results. Students suspected of mild delay in development were: gross motoric (6.25%), language (9.37%), fine motoric (12.50%), and personal-social (3.12%). One student delayed in language development was referred to the speech therapist. Teachers and parents were educated on how to stimulate the students based on their development achievement. Conclusion. Most Pusteblume Daycare Yogyakarta students have normal developmental achievements. 

Keywords: early detection, child development, DDST II